One of the important issues in the production of concrete is environmental variability that affects the concrete and elements constructed from this material. Due to the importance of different characteristics of concrete in short- and long-term conditions, this article aims to investigate the influence of initial TEMPERATURE conditions of self-compacting concrete on its long-term characteristics and determine the initial optimal TEMPERATURE of concrete. For these purposes, several experiments under three TEMPERATURE conditions of 5, 20, and 40 degree-of-Celsius were conducted to evaluate the rheology and mechanical properties of fresh concrete in the range of 7 and 28 days. In these experiments, alternative mineral admixtures of cement such as micro-silica, fly ash, and zeolite were used to build the concrete specimens. Results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the specimens increase with increasing initial TEMPERATURE in the short term, while such properties significantly decrease in the long term compared to the specimens constructed under lower initial TEMPERATURE. Moreover, the fluidity of self-compacting concrete increases with increasing initial TEMPERATURE.

Air conditioning systems are used in industries and residential environments with the aim of improving environmental conditions and creating a comfortable TEMPERATURE for users. Considering the production of sound and vibration in most of its components, the lack of control of the production sound level always exposes the users to unwanted sound, which in addition to hearing complications, also causes fatigue and dissatisfaction with the environmental conditions. . Compressors are one of the most important sources of sound production in air conditioning systems, and screw compressors are one of the most widely used in air conditioning industries. Therefore, the compressor shell should be designed to minimize the transmission of sound from inside to outside. Since the maximum working TEMPERATURE of compressors is up to 80 degrees Celsius, therefore, in this research, an acoustic test was performed on a sample of a screw compressor shell in two modes of ambient TEMPERATURE and maximum working TEMPERATURE inside the acoustic room, and the effect of TEMPERATURE increase on the sound pressure level. transferred from the shell to the external environment is discussed. Finally, based on the frequency analysis performed in two conditions of ambient TEMPERATURE and maximum working TEMPERATURE and comparing the amount of sound transmitted to the environment at different frequencies, practical solutions to reduce the amount of transmitted sound pressure have been presented.

The current study aimed to optimize artificial insemination in aged broiler breeder hens in two experiments. In the first experiment, the effect of (two) different diluted semen TEMPERATUREs (5 and 25 °C) of Hubbard rooster (40 roosters, 58 weeks of age) on fertility, hatchability and sperm penetration (SP) rate in the perivitelline layer of Hubbard hen (180 hens) were investigated. In the second experiment, three (different) sperm concentrations (100 (C100), 200 (C200), and 400 (C400) million sperm in 0.25 mL per hen) of Hubbard roosters (40 roosters, 62 weeks of age) on fertility, hatchability and SP rate of Hubbard broiler breeder hens (270 hens) were explored. In the first experiment, the results showed that the TEMPERATURE of 5 °C of diluted semen compared to the 25 °C, increased percentage of hatchability of set eggs, hatchability of fertile eggs, and SP and decreased early embryonic mortality. The results of the second experiment showed the highest percentage of fertility and SP rate were observed at treatment C400. Also, in this experiment that highest percentage of hatchability of set eggs and hatchability of fertile eggs and lowest early embryonic mortality were observed at treatment C400. Return on investment (ROI) of the treatments C200 and C400 was approximately 2.9 and 1.4, respectively. In overall, the results of this study showed that (in attention to ROI and hatchability) to optimize artificial insemination of aged broiler breeder hens we can use a sperm concentration of 200 to 400 million in 0.25 mL per hens at 5 °C.

In this study, the life history characteristics of Trichogramma euproctidis (Girault), an established egg parasitoid species in southwestern Iran, parasitizing Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) were examined at 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33 °C. The results showed that different constant TEMPERATUREs significantly affected the number of parasitized eggs, development time, sex ratio, tibial length, number of parasitoids per host egg, progeny longevity, and fecundity. T. euproctidis failed to complete development at 18 °C, the lowest TEMPERATURE tested. The mean developmental duration from egg to adult female decreased from 15.33 days at 21 °C to 7.25 days at 33 °C. An average of 188-degree days was required to complete development above the lower threshold TEMPERATURE (7.2 °C). Survivorship was 96.20, 97.20, 98.33, 85.46, and 82.22 % at 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33 °C, respectively. The mean longevity of T. euproctidis ranged from 11.60 days at 21 °C to 4.57 days at 33 °C. Mean total progeny ranged from 19.50 / female at 33 °C to 168.70 / female at 21 °C. Data analysis demonstrated that different constant TEMPERATUREs had a significant effect on the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and generation time (T). The intrinsic rate of increase (r) improved with TEMPERATURE from 0.240/day at 21°C to 0.370/day at 27 °C and then decreased at higher TEMPERATUREs. Generation time decreased from 16.90 days to 7.53 days with increasing TEMPERATURE. The optimal TEMPERATURE for development and reproduction of T. euproctidis was 27 °C. The results of this study showed that this strain of T. euproctidis appears to have the potential to be utilized in integrated management programs targeting H. armigera.

In this research, polystyrene foam is produced by batch process and saturation of inert gas to achieve a sudden thermodynamic instability. Also, FOAMING process of polystyrene-aluminum oxide nanocomposite (as nucleating agent) with supercritical N2 (as FOAMING agent), nucleating condition, growth and mean size of bubbles is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compared with pure polystyrene sample. So, the cluster growth rate and bubble size in nanocomposite are compared with pure polystyrene. Results showed that presence of nanoparticles decreased the final size and growth rate of bubbles. Also, the size and distribution of bubbles in nanocomposites foams were more uniform than pure polystyrene foam.

In this study, Aluminum closed-cell foam was produced through accumulative roll bonding using TiH2 as blowing agent. Then, the effect of the number of rolling passes, FOAMING TEMPERATURE, FOAMING time and heating rate on percent of porosity was investigated. The results indicate that FOAMING process improves with increasing TEMPERATURE. The TiH2 powder was uniformly dispersed into the matrix with increasing the number of roll passes and caused an increase of the percent of porosity. Finally, 41% of porosity at FOAMING TEMPERATURE of 680oC, FOAMING time of 5 min and heating rate of 10 oc/s was produced.

This study addresses the effect of TEMPERATURE and nanoparticle on PS foam structure in order to control its structure more accurately. For this purpose, a theoretical hypothesis was proposed by explaining the classical nucleation theory. The PS in the presence of nano silica and CO2 was foamed. FOAMING process was carried out in a vessel suitable under high pressure and TEMPERATURE conditions, and with instantaneous pressure release and high-speed stabilization capabilities. The most important factors affecting foam properties including FOAMING TEMPERATURE, size, content and surface properties of nano silica were investigated. Increasing of FOAMING TEMPERATURE was effective on the initial nuclei formation and cell growth. These two effects determined the final foam structure. When the TEMPERATURE was changed from 90 to 180°C, cell density of PS foam increased thousand fold to 2.2´1012 number of cells per unit volume of foam (cell/cm3). The results showed that a small amount of nano silica had a substantial effect on decreasing the cell size and increasing the cell density. An increase in nanoparticle concentration also increased its effectiveness. Moreover, the quality and structure of foam were improved by adding the nanoparticle. As the size of nano silica increased from 20 to 40 nm, its cell density decreased from 3.3×109 to 1.78×109 numbers of cells per unit volume of foam (cells/cm3). Surface treatment of the nano silica using triethoxysilane, in addition to improving nanoparticle dispersion, increased its cell density. The efficiency of nano silica in improving cell density after surface treatment increased by more than double.